Evolving Satellite Control Challenges: The Arrival of Mega-Constellations and Potential Complications for Operational Cybersecurity

Document Type

Conference Proceeding

Publication Date

6-2021

Abstract

The introduction of automated satellite control systems into a space mission environment historically dominated by human-in-the-loop operations will require the extraneous establishment of cybersecurity measures to ensure space system safety and security. With the addition and expansive growth of the "mega-constellation," the old methods of satellite command and control are no longer cost effective. The proliferation of low Earth orbit (LEO) with thousands of satellites will require increasing levels of automation in order to handle internal operations, or the operations driven for the control of each constellation. The implementation of commercial off the shelf parts, coupled with on-board satellite computer systems that resemble the standard personal computer will allow for greater levels of automation and, therefore, fewer human interactions required to control newer satellites. On the ground segment side of satellite control, the influx of privately owned communication antennas for rent and a move to cloud-based operations or mission centers will present new requirements in cyber protection for both DoD and commercial satellite operations. This paper will highlight the changes these technical advancements will bring to the current satellite control architecture. It will also discuss likely ways that industry will evolve with the implementation of new requirements like the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification, finishing with a proposed change to how space and cyber space professionals can realign their interactions in order to address any emerging threats. It is no longer a matter of if automation will play a significant role in satellite operations, but how fast can the satellite operators adapt to the onset of control automation to promote cybersecurity in an increasingly competitive, contested, and congested space domain. One way for promoting such cybersecurity in space control is to introduce cybersecurity/monitoring training at all levels of satellite operations to align with the desire of creating a highly digitally capable Space Force.

Source Publication

European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security

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