Document Type
Article
Publication Date
11-1-2024
Abstract
Intense ionization enhancements in the Earth’s ionosphere, known as sporadic-E (Es), can degrade and severely disrupt the propagation of radio signals. Although many previous studies have analyzed the characteristics and morphologies of sporadic-E, few efforts have attempted to model global Es occurrence rates (ORs) at high time resolutions. This study develops a global empirical model of blanketing sporadic-E occurrence rates using a Karhunen–Loéve Expansion (KLE) of a global OR climatology built with Global Navigation Satellite System radio occultation (GNSS-RO) and ionosonde observations. Using an fbE ≥ threshold of 3 MHz, the model outputs a blanketing sporadic-E OR for a given geomagnetic latitude, longitude, day of year, and local solar time. The model outputs are compared to digisonde observations at four sites with varying geomagnetic latitudes, resulting in correlation coefficients ranging from 0.5 to 0.9 for monthly averaged observations and an uncertainty of 11%. Furthermore, the average uncertainty is estimated to be 12%. This Global Empirical Model of Sporadic-E Occurrence Rates (GEMSOR) is capable of providing blanketing sporadic-E OR estimates for global radio frequency (RF) operations.
Source Publication
Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences (e-ISSN 2296-987X)
Recommended Citation
Parsch, E. V., Franz, A. L., Dao, E. V., Wu, D. L., Swarnalingam, N., Salinas, C. C. J. H., & Emmons, D. J. (2024). Global empirical model of sporadic-E occurrence rates. Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, 11, 1434367. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2024.1434367
Included in
Atmospheric Sciences Commons, Electromagnetics and Photonics Commons, Signal Processing Commons
Comments
© 2024 The Authors.
This article is published by Frontiers, licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
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Supplementary material is available here or from the article page. (3 videos, 1 data sheet)
Funding notes: This research was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR/RTB1), and NASA’s Living With Star and Sun-Climate research funds to the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) under WBS 936723.02.01.12.48.