Document Type

Article

Publication Date

4-16-2021

Abstract

An analysis of vertical total electron content (TEC) estimates from the MIT Madrigal database is performed for the regions surrounding the eye of Hurricane Michael (2018). Absolute and detrended TEC values show a noticeable increase during the tropical cyclone (TC) relative to fluctuations at the same locations prior to the storm. Direct comparisons of TEC perturbation magnitudes to the number of lightning flashes in latitude-longitude boxes surrounding the eye of Hurricane Michael for each 5 min period of 10 October 2018 showed no visible trends. A similar comparison of the vertical TEC fluctuations with respect to the rainfall rates showed a positive correlation as the rainfall rate increased from light to moderate. However, a decrease in TEC perturbations were observed for the most intense rainfall rates. Additionally, ionosonde measurements in the Gulf of Mexico Region reveal an increased production of waves with periods less than 90 min after TC formation. These results indicate that the measured TEC fluctuations are most likely caused by atmospheric gravity waves produced by Hurricane Michael, which supports previous research.

Comments

This article is published by Elsevier and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Sourced from the published version of record cited below.

DOI

10.1016/j.jastp.2021.105647

Source Publication

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics

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