Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2-2021
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is used to monitor photoinduced changes in the charge states of sulfur vacancies and Cu ions in tin hypothiodiphosphate. A Sn2P2S6 crystal containing Cu+ (3d10) ions at Sn2+ sites was grown by the chemical vapor transport method. Doubly ionized sulfur vacancies (V2+S) are also present in the as-grown crystal (where they serve as charge compensators for the Cu+ ions). For temperatures below 70 K, exposure to 532 or 633 nm laser light produces stable Cu2+ (3d9) ions, as electrons move from Cu+ ions to sulfur vacancies. A g matrix and a 63,65Cu hyperfine matrix are obtained from the angular dependence of the Cu2+ EPR spectrum. Paramagnetic singly ionized (V+S) and nonparamagnetic neutral (V0S) charge states of the sulfur vacancies, with one and two trapped electrons, respectively, are formed during the illumination. Above 70 K, the neutral vacancies (V0S) are thermally unstable and convert to V+S vacancies by releasing an electron to the conduction band. These released electrons move back to Cu2+ ions and restore Cu+ ions. Analysis of isothermal decay curves acquired by monitoring the intensity of the Cu2+ EPR spectrum between 74 and 82 K, after removing the light, gives an activation energy of 194 meV for the release of an electron from a V0S vacancy. Warming above 120 K destroys the V+S vacancies and the remaining Cu2+ ions. The photoinduced EPR spectrum from a small concentration of unintentionally present Ni+ ions at Sn2+ sites is observed near 40 K in the Sn2P2S6 crystal.
DOI
10.1063/5.0042905
Source Publication
Journal of Applied Physics
Recommended Citation
Gustafson, T. D., Golden, E. M., Scherrer, E. M., Giles, N. C., Grabar, A. A., Basun, S. A., Evans, D. R., Slagle, J. E., & Halliburton, L. E. (2021). Photoinduced trapping of charge at sulfur vacancies and copper ions in photorefractive Sn 2 P 2 S 6 crystals. Journal of Applied Physics, 129(8), 085702. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0042905
Included in
Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Commons, Materials Science and Engineering Commons
Comments
© 2021 Author(s), published under an exclusive license with American Institute of Physics.
AFIT Scholar, as the repository of the Air Force Institute of Technology, furnishes the published Version of Record for this article in accordance with the sharing policy of the publisher, AIP Publishing. A 12-month embargo was observed.
This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in Journal of Applied Physics, 129:085702 as fully cited below and may be found at DOI: 10.1063/5.0042905.
Funding notes: One of the authors (T.D.Gustafson) was supported at the Air Force Institute of Technology by an NRC Research Associateship Award. Work at the Air Force Research Laboratory was supported by Contract No. FA8650-16-D-5404 from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Work performed at Uzhhorod National University was supported by the Science and Technology Center of Ukraine and the European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (STCU/EOARD Project P438b).