A metric for quantifying nonlinearity in k -dimensional complex-valued functions
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
3-3-2022
Abstract
Modeling and simulation is a proven cost-efficient means for studying the behavioral dynamics of modern systems of systems. Our research is focused on evaluating the ability of neural networks to approximate multivariate, nonlinear, complex-valued functions. In order to evaluate the accuracy and performance of neural network approximations as a function of nonlinearity (NL), it is required to quantify the amount of NL present in the complex-valued function. In this paper, we introduce a metric for quantifying NL in multi-dimensional complex-valued functions. The metric is an extension of a real-valued NL metric into the k-dimensional complex domain. The metric is flexible as it uses discrete input–output data pairs instead of requiring closed-form continuous representations for calculating the NL of a function. The metric is calculated by generating a best-fit, least-squares solution (LSS) linear k-dimensional hyperplane for the function; calculating the L2 norm of the difference between the hyperplane and the function being evaluated; and scaling the result to yield a value between zero and one. The metric is easy to understand, generalizable to multiple dimensions, and has the added benefit that it does not require a closed-form continuous representation of the function being evaluated.
Source Publication
The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology
Recommended Citation
Llewellyn, L. C., Grimaila, M. R., Hodson, D. D., & Graham, S. (2024). A metric for quantifying nonlinearity in k -dimensional complex-valued functions. The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology, 21(1), 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129221080399
Comments
This article was published by Sage as an article of The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation (JDMS) ahead of inclusion in a published issue (as cited on this page). It is available to subscribers through the DOI link below.
Issue date: January 2024.